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AGUSTI Galba, CULTURE VALENCIA, THE MONA EASTER

NOTES VALENCIA Ethnology.

THE EASTER OF THE MONA (IV).

We have seen that Easter ritual of the monkey Valencia has little connection to the spiritual meaning of Easter Christian , as different scholars ever to see him clearly a pagan origin precristià. We have to think about what in fact related to Easter, has been cause for celebration in ancient pagan. And it is difficult to doubt that the nexus is the fact of the astrological spring equinox summer, because we know that the Christian Easter dependix of that time, celebrated the dumenge that follows the first full moon , after the spring equinox. Let's see the astrological significance of this fact in many cultures of antiquity. To advocate that the ritual of Easter Valencia came from the monkey pagan periods, we also demonstrate that the Passover celebrated continued during the period of Muslim domination.

We know indeed that the Christian Easter celebrates the resurrection of Jesus Christ, according to the Gospels, was held a few days after being held for the Jewish Passover or Pesah " , on rail-related Syriac "psch" which means to celebrate and be happy, on the occasion of the commemoration of the departure from Egypt, says the Old Testament, which had taken place at midnight on the full moon of the spring equinox summer, which for him, even though the calendar is lunar Judeu, fits in a solar accuracy such that the Easter Judea, who celebrate the night of 14th to 15th of the month of Nissan (March-April ) always coincided and expected match in the season of spring sun.

The Moment of Christian celebration of Easter, melts established by the Council of Nicaea in 325, there were still many discrepancies as to when it was held, some of which still exist today. Therefore, this council, agreed that the Passover be held on dumenge that follows the first full moon after the spring equinox, this setting on 21 March. For that reason, on 22 March is the first possible date for Easter, being the last on April 18. And hence, the existence of such as "Easter Marçal / starvation or death" carried in his Charles Ros "I try and sayings Valencia adage ..." or that if "High or low, April for the Easter ". Should have in mind that to date of Easter is very important to the Christian calendar, because it determines both the preceding period of 40 days prior to Holy Thursday, corresponding to Lent, as the 50 post dumenge Easter, which closed on Pentecost, Holy Spirit of Easter, Pentecost or "Pascha of Cinquagesima" .

We know that the spring equinox, corresponds to the time the day catches up to the duration of the night, from which the light of day wins in the darkness of the night, giving way to spring-summer. It is an astrological point held by many religions of the ancient pagan cult that practiced in the sun, many of which marked the first day of a calendar year Sun. This regal schedule for example in the ancient Zoroastrian Persian Empire. Ptolemy says that the Egyptians had determined the Conon and Meton equinoci day of spring on March 25 / 29 Phamenoth. The Romans had a lunar calendar to the Julian reform that changed to a solar calendar, determining on March 25 as the day of the vernal equinox. In English, Easter called "easter" and "eosturmonath" was the old Anglo-Saxon name of April, as Bede informs us in "De ratione Temporum" in honor "Eostre" , name of deity spring summer regarding the "Eos" Greek the "Aurora " Roman. The idea that the spring equinox was the beginning of many things, is in the old calendar Judeu, according to which the foundation had begun the day of the vernal equinox of the year 3751 to . C. This idea melts followed by some early Christians found themselves in this "De Pascha computus" (243), which states that the Creation had begun March 25 and that Jesus Christ was three days naixcut Later on, we say The same day of the biblical creation sun. Later on 25 March will be held the Annunciation and Incarnation-Jesus born at 9 months, 25 december. For that reason, on 25 March marked the calculation of the calendar of the Incarnation or "Anno Domini incarnatione" , calendar of chancery spent Sit in Valencia (see "Autógrafos Inéditos del Cid and Jimena two Diplomas of 1098 and 1101 " ).

Now we said that to keep the Passover ritual of the cake comes from Valencia inherited from pre-Christian rituals iberorromans Valencia, has demonstrated Easter continued to be held during the period of Muslim domination, in which it then proceeded.

I know ever to melt during the caliphate of Damascus, since known as the "Chronicle of mozárabe 754" , makes us know of the existence of a treaty aimed at Christians mistakenly title Seville to celebrate the Easter "habitatores in Hispalis propter Paschas erroneas, quae ab eis sunt celebratae" . Now in the emirate of Cordoba, is evidence that the pope a decretal Adria I (772-795), sent to Iberia / Al-Andalus Also in relation to the day that was to celebrate Easter "Quod scilicet die if plenilunium quartodecimo lunae Sanctum Pascha sit mininte celebratunt ..." . Know that also celebrated during the Caliphate of Cordoba, for the calendar bilingual known as "Schedule Cordova" dedicated to Caliph al-Hakam (961-976), by historian and Mege Ariba b. Sad (m 980) and Bishop Rabi b. Zayd (known as Recemund) aludix on March 22 as the first possible date to celebrate Easter, "D XI XII kalendas VA. Primum Pascha. Hic est primus secular days, who Natalis uocatur mundi, et Dominus in eo comedy Ihesus Pascha " and April 18 as last " IIII VII AC kalendas XIII. Ultimum terminum Pasche " ( Texts and Studies in the thirteenth century English astronomy" , where Juan Vernet reproduces the "Liber Regius sive descriptio temporum anni" , Latin version of "Calendar of Cordova" made about the year 1235).

And it seems to be that of all Christian liturgy concerning the date of Easter resurrecio of not only celebrating the Passover. The feast of Pentecost ( "Yawm Al-Ayam maharyan Ansar al-Andalus" ), is quoted by Ibn Hayyan (987-1075) in al-Muqtabis (p 61 "The enemy in the mirror" Ron Barkai .) Holy Thursday is named for Al-Turtusi (1059-1131), as "Thursday April" or Jami April "considering" innovation "that Muslims celebrated as feen the" Ayam "or Christian tax. Report also "that the men Salgán in separados groups in the company of women, the fun mezclándose" . (P 251, "Studies History of Al-Andalus). The Sant Divendres nomenat tambe is a ver de l'acte Zayyan delivery pel qual la ciutat de Valencia Jaume I, dient-li Zayyan that "Christians always allowed to wander the streets carrying the cross, but forcing them to respect Jews attacked the houses because of these on Friday of Sorrow " (pp. 90 i 91, " The Muslim Valencia "Vicente Coscollar).

record I ask is that li feren the "Ulema" Sahnun (m 854) in related to whether it was llicit els els musulmans menjaren what cristians preparaven in les festes seues "Do you think you should not eat what they prepare in days such as 'milad', the 'Maharaya' and 'nayruz'?" . Ibn Sabem Baskuwal or Pasqual (d. 1183), a descendent of valencians emigrats Cordova, Escrig on "nayruz the reluctance of the Mahrajaan and milad and the need to celebrate and (the need) to leave his exaltation and preparations to its conclusion ". (P 227-234 of "Studies in the history of Al-Andalus" of Fernando de la Granja).

Among

named parties, which seem to be celebrating both descendants of old settlers who remained in the condition of the Christians "DIMM" or pact of protection as those who had converted to Islam, the "nawruz "or" nayruz "and" mahragan "or" Muharrem ", defined names were not Arabs, agarrats the Persian language in reference to feen spring equinox and summer solstice, respectively. In arap, there was no word to name them, because the Muslim calendar depends exclusively on the moon, and no concordance in a solar year, and can match the Equinox in any of their spring months. Surely the importation of the name, there was an identification of the celebrations of the indigenous inhabitants of Hispania / Al Andalus, and those characteristic of Zoroastrianism that held territories in the ancient Sassanid Empire, where the Islam had been imposed from the s. VII, but had not been able to disappear.

It is true that the chroniclers in arap not Fade when held here the "nawruz" and there are authors who say they could have agreed on the parties' Yannayr " Giner or New Year, and may be based confusion, the fact that also the spring equinox had been considered earlier this year, it remains the embodiment according to the schedule. However, Lévi-Provençal "is inclined to placing it on the day of the spring equinocio" (p 188 "Study of the history of Al-Andalus" ).

Son some curious events that reporters identify Muslims in those parties. For example, a question atra "Ulema" Sahnun, we talk to tell chiquets "traednos eggs and gifts to the churches and bone llevaremos" . In "The Hispano song" (Madrid, 1984), F. Current traduix verses of Ibn Quzman uns (1078-1160), who parle that "The donut is kneaded, are sold" gazelles "/ enjoy the first of the year who have money" , explicant gazelles com " animal figurines ". ("Marsapans he sees" pa de març "? Lungs?) Al-Marrakusi (c. 1303-2004), the biography of Ahmad b. Cordoves Yahya (d. 1202), per an anecdote to explain the life seua us parla de les figures "that are made al-Andalus and the Maghreb in the nayruz, made with a mass of wheat flour (huwwari) mixed with oil and water, which make fine bread (ragif) ... They are molded and are made with dough figures they are mixed with egg ... The children are happy, their joy is confirmed and assume the size of each ... " (" Candy, wine and political opposition: a biographical study of Almohad " Manuela Marín). It is important to remember that Islam l'condenava the figurative representations.

Les figures in paste els musulmans told us cristians tributaris feen els, Tambo Tambo is documented in dels pasqua Judeu, according to a news Segorp on 17 February 1321, having been denounced by melting a figure of Jesus Christ and having put in the oven: "Moçe, filius Juceffi, Sartor Judeu Sugurbie, nuper in Festo Pasche judeorum quadam panis sive mass of paste figuravit We form domain Jhesu Christi ipsamque figuram crucifix in pony Furno et fecit combustive " (96 ACA: C 246: 172r).

then proceed to study the party "Nayruz" to see the points of contact at Easter, the monkey Valencia. Ya announce surprising results.

Galbis Augustine.

Architect.