AGUSTI Galba, CULTURE VALENCIA, THE MONA EASTER 
ETHNOLOGY NOTES D'VALENCIA.
THE EASTER OF THE MONA (I).
Parlar of "the monkey" is reference to a costum fer de l'ethnology own Valencia. Gómez-Tabanera diu d'her that " is the most characterized of the excursions Valencia. Families leave the city, going to the villages and beaches during the three days of Easter to eat the monkey ... " (p 92 "Trajan Customs traditional and popular" (1950), foreword by Caro Baroja). The "monkey", he sat because of works stretcher as "The Easter cake" (1862) Rafel Mary Liern of romances, as found in "Lo romance Valencian giqueta gallery Popular paintings of Valencia " (1888), Lever and Roca, and even then is a " a zarzuela original acts and in prose and verse " from a work of Bernard and Baldoví (1809 to 1864 ) entitled "Batiste Muscatel, or Mona de Pascua" . For a time, melt the occasion of the appearance of a musical genre known as literary atmospheres- "Free monkey" .
The Valencian festival of the monkey is a festival that has attracted the attention of foreigners. Jan Babtist Huysmans, in his "Voyage illustré & EN ESPAGNE in Algeria" (1862) refers when it speaks of the ad improvised dances in the streets, in orguenet sounds, guitars, postices the village 'Dances improvisées dans les rues, aux sounds from Organs of barbarism, from guitars, from Castagneto et des tambourins " saying that characterizes how well the Valencia held on the third day of Easter "tout à fait caractérissent manière dont le peuple de la fête le troisième jour de Valence Easter" . Refers to the cake meal, saying it is a kind of cake "ou il mange the monkey (espèce de Gateau)" , adding that people happily delivered quantity of games to play "ou il livre par Joyeuses bands, quantité de jeux à ".
is a party is so united al'idiosincrasia of our people, that Valencian be entrusted us back when eixim outside Valencia, and then the emigration Valencia to Algiers, which increased considerably after the penetration of the French in the year 1830, which has resulted in held in Algiers today that the monkey Valencia Easter. In newspaper "Le Blidéen" 7 April 1904, we note the importance of the monkey in the habit of Algiers, when speaking of the traditional cake, without which we can not have a good Easter Monday " the traditional Mouna, sans laquelle Sauras y avoir de lundi a good Easter ", telling old custom Algerian " Vielle coutume Algerian ". Sabem that eixe dia tots els residents, Chiquet jovens i vells "all people, young and old, young and old ..." , iXEN al camp Menjar the mona " make a picnic in the countryside" . Es per tot Senten riots, Cancon round i balls into sounds of guitars i acordeon " It was no loud laughter everywhere and crazy songs, round dances and organized sounds more o less harmonious guitars and accordions" . His els "mounistes" , "mouneurs" o "mounéros" that van al-iron camp is the "muna" has "break muna" . Además de la Mona, els Valencians our duiem darrere la nostra llengua. A. Lanly in "The French in North Africa" \u200b\u200b spoke "mouna Valencian mona, including the 'o' is very close" . In 69 of the p "Revue des Deux Mondes" of the any 1934, es Parlavà of that "The multitude spoke only Valencian dialect that was somehow National Canters" . Tambe llegim that "The crowd that populated Bab el-Oued spoke only Valencian" . Included are publicava a diary written in French in Valencian, which is day "The Journal of Cagayous" or Cagalló daily. The culture is creative spontaneous il'imposicio be destructive. Was ever to us today.
Now we have seen references to the "monkey" Valencia dating Twentieth century XIX. How llogic, is present in both previous references and non Valencia Valencia. We will tour some historical events eighteenth century in the back. In the "Tale of Tales " (1768) Lluis Galiana read: "ans always seemed not to touch or be in heaven or earth, thinking of Easter cake ..." . In 1752, the notary Valencia Carlos Ros in "Romance new, strange, and entertain, will refer the hon Joch, entertainment, and inventions that Gichin Valencia armies ..." referring to "Gichin month gicorrotèts" writes looking "who regale a Moneta, / unless it had two Hous.; / and if four more pleased." In "lay of the Meuse Polvillo" , also of s. Century, is said to vore "pasta as molla, / dir vach of jumping plaer: / mona Tindrem per Pasqua" . The p 594 of "Tomo Quarto" of Diccionari d'Autoritats publicat in 1734 llegim: "Mona. Valencia and Murcia called Cake or thread that is cooked in the oven and laid eggs in her shell, for Easter flowers, which called Hornazo elsewhere. Lat. Placenta, vel ovis INTEGRIS Paschalis spira coronata ". s. In XVII, Baltasar Sapena i Zarçuela I wrote "Ben Torres of carbo / sent the gall of the Passio / mona de Pasqua pareix the" . Arrero seguinte, the first appointment apleguem I have documented the "monkey" and that corresponds to in 1474. In "answer" Castellvi de France consists in the competition held in "Lahors of the Virgin Mary " , writes this about the Virgin Mary that "Vos rescue us from the mine crying / ns · that launches a vicious monkey / Vos Manaus in it 'quella Lord sends you / from c'obehis voice kind of high / Vos dejunas against Satan that · l ns · mine / now with God paschau sweet monkey ". These wonderful verses from a religious point of view, speak of the Virgin Mary had saved the world a situation of suffering "the weeping mine" to us that the devil had thrown or "vicious monkey" . Obed had done the voice of God " voice kind of high" , intercede with your Son, who as Mr Obed, "it Manaus in Vos' quella Lord commanded you" . In the battle against the fast of Lent, the devil that undermines the will of the men "Vos dejunas against Satan that · · l s mine" , follows the victory of Easter held in freshwater Mona "now Ten paschau with the sweet cake ".
We have seen that we have the first historical definition of "monkey", corresponds to the year 1734 and speaks of "the cake or nut that cuece in the oven ..." . But this definition falls short meanings for you "monkey" to Valencia, for whom "the monkey" can refer to a pastiç in a "snack" or complete the ritual that Valencian celebrate Easter, bringing to "The Easter Resurrection is Calling in Valencia by the vulgar, the Easter cake" ( "Surtidos for travel" of Vital Aza -1894). Come three main meanings.
In relation to the first meaning, we know that in areas of our territory, "monkey" refers to a specific pastiç representative, who in addition, may have differential characteristics second place . In some places, "monkey" describes only pastiç that has shaped animal, usually a door and snake eggs. What is "monkey" in some places are named "panou" , "bread Scorching" , "air bread" , "Bread of wind" , "egg bread" , "bread slept" ... for some other matter, or may not carry eggs. But these differences in relation to the zoning designation pastiç diffused into the second meaning, all coinciding in Valencia said "monkey" to refer to all the tea in preparation for Easter day and that takes field on a cart or a coixinereta. In that recapte, pastiç not need a representative who may not be the "monkey" of which we spoke, but was a "Tony" , a "nut" a "loaf" a " congret " a "reganyada of seeds" a "mace cake" a "bread Scorching" or a "cake of raisins and walnuts" , which have shared characteristics and differences in the saying " monkey. " This meaning of "monkey" is found in the "The Easter cake" (1862) of Liern when "Gasparo" question "do you want that you put together the monkeys?" , being clear that stands to merge two pastiços, but to bring together two snacks. More explicit is the Almanac of "provinces" of 1919, where we talk "the exquisite meals qu'en together make up the monkey." Finally, the third meaning is still an extension of the meaning of "monkey" around the ritual of the feast of the Valencian Easter. Escalante he wrote in 1870 that "Give the monkey, does not speak, because the Easter cake are three days!". In this meaning refers lever and rock when he talks about the "Mona Alegre Easter" , saying it "What a learned and llaujera steps!
Sera interessant raonar sobre si ha segut el nom d’un pastiç el que ha donat nom al conjunt de la “cistella” per extensió, o si ha segut el nom de la “cistella” el que ha fet que en alguns llocs, la part mes llepola del seu contingut haja pres el nom del conjunt.
En esta serie d’articuls, analisarém les caracteristiques de la Pasqua de la mona valenciana i conclourém en que parlem d’uns rituals pagans, en els que es celebra l’entrada de la primavera d’estiu. Estudiarém la relacio de la Pasqua en l’equinocci de primavera i vorem la significacio d’este fet astrology in ancient cultures. Keep checking that some Muslim chroniclers inform us that during the Muslim domination, Christians who remained together in those who had converted to Islam, Christians celebrated Easter, referring to this celebration in the name of "Nayruz "name of a Persian pre-Islamic festival celebrating the spring equinox summer, which has characteristics matching those which characterizes much of Easter Valencia. Lito that the ritual of Easter can come to us from Valencia Valencia Iberians, which had much in mind the time of spring equinox. Other parties will also study some analysis the pagan Roman content, "mundum" or "Ceres mundus"-d 'where the word monkey could proceed, "present in" cistae "or baskets own mystical cult of Ceres. Finally, various proposals Lito etymologies of the word "monkey", which will give us clues to their origin.
We must avoid both the technological alvanços pushed ancient customs, regulations and administrative "globalisadora" blur ethnological characteristics of the Valencian people that prove the reality of the Valencian people today is a continuum in relation to the people of Valencia iberorromà grave and land concerned and anachronistic theories of population breakdowns. Ya Rock and lever it she said, speaking of the Easter cake saying "quis trying to desdija / Our customs borrarles" . We try not ever to be.
Galbis Augustine.
Architect.
